BUDGET PRIMER

 

 FUND  A fund establishes a separate accounting entity with a self-balancing set of accounts, which record all cash, other assets, liabilities, and fund balances.  A fund also records all related revenue and expense.  A fund identifies specific activities or defines certain objectives of the District.

 

FISCAL YEAR defines the accounting period.  The fiscal year for school districts runs from July 1, through June 30.  The term fiscal year is used to distinguish it from the standard calendar year, ending December 31.

 

The DEFERRED MAINTENANCE FUND is established to account separately for state apportionments and District contributions for the purposes of deferred maintenance.  The District deposits into the fund up to one half of one percent of the General Fund budget.  The state will match this amount, to the extent that the match is funded in the current state budget.  Expenditures in the Deferred Maintenance Fund are limited to those major maintenance items that are contained in an approved five-year plan submitted to the Office of Public School Construction.  Typically the projects funded by this bond are large in nature and are part of the District's bid process.

 

BOND FUND Bond proceeds and expenditures are accounted for in the District's Building Fund.  The District has opted to create separate sub-funds of the Building Fund to account separately for the 1997 and 2002 bond elections and their proceeds. 

 

ADMINISTRATOR  In general, administrators are employees in a position having significant responsibilities for formulating policies or administering programs.  The Education Code defines a schoolsite administrator as a person employed on a full time or part time basis as a principal or vice principal at a public school. 

 

OPERATING EXPENSE is the amount used during a particular period directly in support of day-to-day operations such as wages, maintenance, office supplies, etc.  Note the definition refers to day-to-day operations, not expenditures incurred with a particular project that has a specific beginning and ending such as capital improvements related to construction or modernization.

 

CAPITAL EXPENSE is an expense outlay consisting of  amounts paid for fixed assets or additions to fixed assets, including land or existing buildings, the improvements of grounds, construction of buildings, additions to buildings, remodeling of buildings, or initial and additional equipment. 

 

CASH ACCOUNTING  known as cash basis - method of accounting in which revenue and expenditures are recorded only when cash is actually received or disbursed.  The cash basis is not acceptable for in LEAs. 

 

ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING is the method of accounting in which revenue is recorded when earned, even though it has not yet been collected, and in which expenses are recorded when the liabilities are incurred, even if they have not been paid yet.